Working process for internal combustion engines and apparatus for carrying the same into effect



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Filed April 23, 1935 z sheets-sheet; Y

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Sept. 27, 1938.` D. MAUTHNER 2,131,384

WORKING 'PROCESS FOR lIN'IJEl-NAI.. COMBUSTION ENGINES` AND 4 APPARATUS FOR CARRYING THE SAME INTO EFFECT Filed April25, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEY,

Pet'nfed Sepm, 193s el, 'i f. `z,'131,3s4 n v.. 1 v

WORKING PROCESS FOR INTERNAL COM- l BUSTION ENGINES AND APPARATUS FOR .v n- Y CARRYINGTHE SAME INTO EFFECT f `Insurer Mautiiner, nanesenungnfy tf t Application April 23, 1935, vSerial No..1l`,762'` "In'liunxary May 2,1934v .x l y v s'olaims. (ci, resi- 115) 4 n v Y In the-case of internal combustion engines, the internal combustion engine, in the' best`cases.on1y most economical way of effecting the combustion 'about' thirtyethre'etothirtyflve per Acent can be of thefuel in the working cylinder is obtained if used,jwhile thefrest' of theheatyenergy is `lost in addition to -ensurlng rperfect. combustion, *mainly through the cooling water and through means are provided for reducingto a minimum ythe hot exluauisty gases. If, therefore, we elimi-'I 5 the heat losses caused bythe water-coolin'gand nate ithecocling water entirely, or to a great exby the products of combustion."v f j -A 2' f "tent, and employthe'energy of the krexhaustgases 'Ihis purpose is achieved by' means of Ithefworkyin a useful manner,- a'gain-'entirely or to a large ing process according to my invention'infsuchja extent," itwill vbeseen :that vwe ywill succeed to l manner that at the end of the suction stroke comgreatly' improve the- *emciency of the internal 10 pressed air is admixed preferably throughanair l'combustion engines. The' methods and construc- V.valveto the air orgas mixture drawn inl by the tion'of the present invention `have-'for their main working piston, in such a manner that theair purposetoirnprove the efficiency ofinternal comentering into the cylinder in avtangential direcbustion engines in thelmanne'rexplained hereintion performs'a rotary circling motion sweeping before. f. Y 15 along the internal wall surfaceof-'the cylinder InL the drawings forming apart of this appli-1j and thus forms an isolating layer on the said cation and accompanyingthe same: a v ninternal wall surface, so that the temperature Fig. 1 is va.semi-diagrammaticall fragmentary produced by,;the process of combustion is yinsectional elevation of an internal combustion enuenced inian advantageous sense,'while atvthe gineto-which-myinventiomhas been applied;jzo same timeV the cylinder wall is eiiiciently proyIiig. 2 is a fragmentary sectionalfdetall showing tected against excessive temperature rises. c the yll'ihallil DO'rt/rrnge'di at thebott'om of) the I, moreover, also spray waterfinto. th'e cylinder working lcylinder'of the engine; f 1.1 Y at the end ofthe exhaust strokepwith th'eaid Flg.:`3-is a'somewht'enlared" Sectional detail 25 of the compressed air,` in thesamefway andv manl0f .an air and,"waterifinletfvalve andychamber 25 ner in which the compressed air is introduced, lused with 'my inventiomyv'hilethis mixture of cooling water and-air willproduce Fig.' 4 is a plan View 0f Said Chamber: g an eiiicient internal cooling effect in the cylin- Figs.f5 and 6 are diagrammatic sections onth der, resumngin a reduction or the tempern'ue Vline 1f-b of Fist-'1 to indicate the positionsfof the set up in theworkingcylinder, as well'as- `Jf 'they Piston in an engine embdying 'myl'lventim 30 heat loss caused by the cooling water. f f while compressed air is admitted into' the cylinder According to my invention the mixtureofthe at thefbesinningfof the to'npressiorif:j ycombustion gases with the scavenging air and the vFis. 'I is a; diagrammatic .crss lsection Sho water,- which mixture becomesheated inethecylthevalralgementiofihe Valves; f k inder, and is under considerable` pressure,':"is:re- `ligsQ-B and 9 are diagrammatic sectional views 35 moved vand the energy contained in it employed onthe line b"c of Fig. 'Isindicating the positions I and utilized for some useful purpose, particularly .of the piston' during' the vadmissiorroi! compressed in a gas producer in combination withthe invair towards-the 'endf of the exhauststroke.-`l ternal combustion engine to, which my linventiony Referring now to the drawings by` characters of y 40 has been applied. g i n reference, in Fig.A la vertically arranged fou'r- `V40 The main object of my invention is to entirely stroke'cyozeleproducer gas engine is Aillustratedl byl eliminate, or at least reduce to a possible minikwayoi.' exampleiir longitudinal section, l demum, the heat losses at presentarising in 'innotes the working cylinder, 2-"the pistong'l the ternal combustion engines, like the excessive heat cylinder head and an air inlet valve. The 'engine Y taken up bythe cooling water `and by the exhaust is provided with a usual fuel inlet valve and igni- 45 gases, and for this purpose I use the agents in my tion device (not shown); The 'operation .of-the l invention for the internal cooling of the engine, n -air inlet valvelisl effected bymeans of the ,rod like air and waterto take up said heat, and those l and of the lever, 8 by acam Bwhich is capable agents as well as the exhaust gases will then be of displacement in the axial direction onv the cam f v led through a gas producerwhere their heat -as shaft. Theispace .9- behindthe air inlet valve! 50'- well as their chemical properties and kinetic encommunicates through a pipe-line Ivllwith acom-` ergy may be used to produce more and better gas, 'pressedfair tank Il. t c land the gas so produced may be introduced back For' producing the necessary'rquantity of cominto the motor and there used. Y pressed ainaturbogpump or piston pump, (not I As it is known, of the heat introduced into an shown in the' drawings), driven by ythe `four- 55 stroke cycle'engine or by any other means, is provided. a Y

The water to be vaporized and turned into steam in the engine is provided by any appropriatepump (not shown), well understood by those versed in this art, and it will be pressed into the engine at the desired moments through the bore 23 of the watervalve 22 (Fig. 3). and it will be delivered in a. vaporized form into the space l, as indicated, from which it will be carried into the cylinder by the compressed air, through the chamber Il, upon the opening of the valve l.

The fuel may be injected into said cylinder through any appropriate valve, one form of which is indicated at 24, in Fig. l. l

At the beginning of the compression, secondary air is introduced in a tangential manner into thecylinder providing an isolating jlayer around the walls thereof so that the heat transferred to the cylinder walls will be greatly reduced and the` cooling means for said walls may also be reduced l to a correspondingdegree. t

During the rst part of the exhaust stroke scav enging air and water-vapor'will be `introduced into the cylinder in a tangential direction and as an internal cooling agent it will-intensively cool the cylinder walls and the,.transforming of the water into steam will also reduce the temperature of said walls so that thefcooling of said walls by the usual coolingv water can be entirely elimi- `and substantially greater part of the combustion gases will, owing to the pressure existingin the working cylinder, pass into r the atmosphere through the ports I2 provided inthe bottom part of the cylinder and through the pipe-lines Il'and Il. The smaller-part of the combustion gases,V `left over in the working cylinder, the pressure and temperature of kwhich part are lower than those of thegiirst part, is exhausted after the controlled exhaust valve l5 has been opened. A.Before being exhausted, however, this-last-named part ofthe combustion gases `becomes mixed with the scavenging` air forced ,finto the working cylinder and with the water vapors produced. i f

In view of the fact, that the mixture exhausted through the pipe-line I6 and consisting in its preponderant part of air and water vapor Vpossesses a relatively higher specific weight as well as a relatively higherspeciilc heat and a relatively higher heat transmission capacity than' .the usual combustion gases produced in such engines, it is possible to conduct it to greater distances and to utilize it in various ways. A particularly favorable possibility of utilization of this mixture of air and water -vapor is available especiallyin the case of suctiongas producers. Y l

If the exhaust pipe Il is arranged inside avpipeline I 4 the `mixture of air and water vapor exhausted inthe exhaust 4pipe `"can be superheated by means of the hot icombustion gases flowing in the pipe-line I4, by which arrangement a favorable utilization of the heat energy of the hot combustion gases is obtained.

V'Ihe cross-sectional area of the exhaust ports .Thatf part of mixture'blowingthroughfthe hole llswflfeflec- 25- amusait into the cylinder. or any flowing-out of the fresh air or gas mixture should be retarded and reduced, as far aspossible, to a minimum.

A particular device is provided for 'introducing the air into the working cylinder, an embodil v ment shown by way of example of the said device being illustratedin vertical section on Fig. 3 and in plan view on `lig. 4. Y Below v i'.he'airinlet valve 4 a'chamber Il open', on one. side. Joins the internal wall Vsurface of the cylinder l and forms a closed space communicating with the cylinder space through Vi-he-'lsiteral port Il and they hole II only. 1 vViIheUxrthe `air inlet valve 4 is opened. the air flows into the'chamber I1. fromwhich it passes through Vthe hole l! and the port I8 into 15 the working cylinder. During this movement a rotary motion is imparted to the air4 resulting in anfeective sweeping ofthe internal wall surface ofv the cylinder. The air circling round, drives the gas mixture towards the centre of the cylinder and atgthe same time forms an isolating layer between lthe gas mixture and the cylinder wall.: s l

Vthe fresh air and water vwd tively cool the top1of thepiston;A A largerpart lz gradually diminishes 1n theputward direction steam and .combustion gas'mixture reaching 'the ofthe exhaust gases with the scavenging air and steam will pass through the pipe line IB and this-mixturewill; be further heated by the -hot combustion Nproductspassing throughy the pipe line I3k and,` 4Ipropose-to use the heat obtainedvthrough, theinternal cooling of the cylvrinder" walls a'nd contained in theair steam mixture of pipe line liras well as the inherent energy of the parts of this mixture itself '(air steam combustion` gases) ,and thereby to eliminate a greater part of thelosses caused by the usual water cooling and by the combustiongases. f Forsa-useful'employment of the mixture ofair, steam L-and'combustion gases, agas producer'is 40 bestadaptedwhere all the'three constituents of i this mixture may be usedjas vimportant elements of the process ofl gasproduction; by my method, namely, the engine willefeed into` the producer pre-heated hot air. over-heated steam and preheatedlcarbon dioxide, CO2, 'whichlaterwill be reduced in the producer to carbon monoxide', CO. Even the kineticzenergyof the mixture maybe used. The mixture namely will iiow` into the producerfwith ya pressure larger than the -atmosf pheric,.which pressure may be automatically regulated by regulating the amount ofthe scavenging Vair before its introduction into the engine, e and in this manner a new ,automatic connection and cooperation ,results .between the engine and thegas producer whereby the performance ofthe gas producer will be dependent on the engine -not only .through the `'suction effect of the latter,'but also through the amount of pressure of the air,

gas producer` and -thereby the gas lproducer will be inta position to follow the sudden changes in the performance of the engine.

Since a rcomplete realization of' my working process-is obtained throughthe aidof a gas producer, this working process is primarily employable in the case of suction gas motors using solid fuels. i 1

To better# illustrate the admission of compressed lair and -`water into my engine, I yhave 70 shown the respective phases of its'operation, in connection with the showing of the arrangements of the valves taking a part therein", in Figs. 5 to 9. f

1n. said mures tne'intake'yalve is designated/76 by the numeral 25, the auxiliary air valve by the numeral I, and the exhaust valve by the numeral i5.

As shown in Figs. 5 and 6, after the finishing of the suction stroke, the piston 2 will start in its return upward direction until it will cover the exhaust ports I2, and the air valve 4 will open at this position of the piston and will remain open as long as the pressure of compression .in the cylinder I, caused by the further travel of the piston in an upward direction, will be equivalent to the pressure of the compressed air admitted into the cylinder through the valve I. f

When this condition is reached, the air valve will close, and a check valve (not shown) may also be inserted into the air line to immediately stop the further movement of the air.

The beginning oi.' the admission of the coxnpressed airis shown in Fig. 5 and the end of -it in Fig. 6, and the positions I and 1I indicate the beginning and the end o1' this admission of com- In Figs. 8 and 9-is illustrated the second period 1 of admission of compressed air which is towards the end of the exhaust stroke. The admission begins approximately in the position indicated inv Fig. 8 and at the position of III oi the crank pin, and will be terminated in the position illustrated in Fig. 9 and at the position of the crank pin indicated by IV. What I claim is:

I. In a working process for internal combusdirection to the cylinder walls causing the same to execute a whirling rotary motion therearound: and similarly introducing compressed air and water vapor towards the end ot the exhaust,

stroke.

2. In a working process for internal combusy tion engines`the steps oi' introducing compressed air at the end of the suction period in atangential direction to the cylinder walls causing the same to execute a whirling rotary motion therearound; and similarly introducing -compressed air and water vapor towards the end of the exhaust stroke, removing a part of the combustion products separately at the end of the expansion and beginning of the exhaust stroke, and removing the rest 'of the combustion products separately during the rest oi' the exhaust stroke. 3. In a working process for internal combustion engines the steps of introducing compressed air at Athe end of the suction period in a tangential direction to the cylinder walls causing the same to execute a whirling rotary motion therearound; and similarly introducing compressed air and water vapor towards the end oi' the exhaust v l 7 the rest of the exhaust stroke, and heating the second part oi' the combustion products by vthe part removed at rst. v

4. In a workingprocess for internal combustion engines the steps of ,introducing compressedv vair at the end of the suction period in a tangential direction to the cylinder walls causing the same to execute a whirling rotarymotion therearound, and similarly introducingcompressed air" and water vapor towards the end of the exhaust second part of the combustion products by theY part removed at iirst, .the -heatingoi said second j part being done through the irst part surrounding said second partfduring the engine. y 5. In a working process for internal `combus- -tion engines the steps of introducing'compressed air at the end oi' the suction period in a tangential direction to the cylinder walls causing the same to execute a whirling rotary motion there-I around; and similarly introducing compressed air their removalfromy n 'I stroke, and leading the exhaust products through a gas produced to utilize their'energy therein.

6. Inl a working process for internall combustion engines, thesteps of introducing compressed air at the end ofthe suction period in a tangential direction to the cylinder walls causing the same to execute a whirling rotary motion there'- around; similarly introducing compressed air and `water vapor towards the' end-f of the exhaust stroke; removing a part of the `combustion products separately atthe end-ot V.the expansion and l y l l beginning o1' the exhaust stroke'and removing the rest oi the combustion products separately during the rest of the exhaust stroke; e heating the ysecond part of the combustion products' bythe part removed at nrst; and leading said second part through agas producer to .utilize its energy' therein.

7. In an internal combustion engine ot the type described, an auxiliary valve at the'outer end of the cylinder for introducing compressed air intoy the cylinder of the motor, means to 'normally' close said valve; means to open the same tor a v desired length of time at the end of the suction.,Y

stroke, and means' to again open it for va desired length ot time towards the end oi.' the exhaustV stroke. y

8. In an internal combustion engine of claim "I, said auxiliary valve being combined with a water inlet mechanism injecting vaporized 'water into the cylinder when the air is injected.

9. In an internal combustionengine ot'claim 7. said auxiliary valve being combined with a water inlet mechanism injecting vaporized water into the cylinder' when the airis injected, means tol conduct the preheated mixture or water vapor air and combustion gases so produced in the cylinder through a separate exhaust pipe, vand means to heat said mixture in said pipe through. anothery portion' ot the' exhaust gases, thereby making it adapted to be conducted to larger `distances and there to be used for an appropriate purpose. a

-Dnsmaa ,zo

2li and water vapor towards the end oi' the exhaust i f 

